The working principle of electrostatic precipitator is to collect and remove particles from ionized gas by electric field force. It uses high voltage DC electric field to act on charged particles, so that particles move toward electrodes and adhere to collecting plates, thereby removing dust particles from airflow. The working principle of electrostatic precipitator can be summarized into three main steps: electric-gas separation, electric-particle device and particle-collection plate device.
First, the dust-containing gas enters the device through the air inlet of the electrostatic precipitator, and the dust particles in the gas are charged under the action of the electric field. Then, the charged gas moves to the plane of the electric-gas separator, and dust particles are introduced through the action of electrodes. Under the action of electrodes, dust particles will scatter the electric field in the air and change their direction of movement toward the electrodes. When dust particles approach the dust collecting plate, they are attracted by the electric field of the dust collecting plate and collected.
Finally, the dust particles are collected by the dust collecting plate to form solid matter and clean the new surface of the dust collector to restore its function. Electrostatic dust removal has the characteristics of high dust removal efficiency, stable dust removal effect and energy saving. It is a commonly used dust control method and is widely used in dust control in industries such as electricity, chemical industry, steel, cement, and flour manufacturers.
Load form of electrostatic dust removal:
1. Metal cylinder type The electrode is in the center of the metal cylinder, and the electrode is mostly in the shape of multiple needle spikes (when the electrode is connected to high voltage, the cylinder wall is grounded, and when the electrode is grounded, the cylinder wall is high voltage). The multiple needle spikes discharge to the metal cylinder wall to generate an electrostatic field. The distance between the needle spikes and the cylinder wall determines the size of the voltage and current.
Theoretically, the distance between the needle spikes and the cylinder wall in the air is 1cm, and the required voltage value is about 12kV. The current depends on the number of needle spikes. For this type of cylindrical dust collector, customers mostly choose multi-cylinder type (such as 6 cylinders, 8 cylinders, and 12 cylinders). Some of them also add a water treatment dust section at the front end of the overall load equipment. First, water is used to absorb large dust particles, and then the remaining 60-70% of the dust is blown to the cylindrical electrode through the air duct, and the dust is absorbed by the electrostatic field.
2. Needle tip parallel plate type This load is a parallel load. Needle tip metal electrodes are evenly distributed on one square plate, and the other is a smooth metal plate. Multiple needle tips discharge to the metal plate to generate an electrostatic field, thereby achieving the purpose of dust absorption. This load is mostly pipeline type. The metal electrode load is at the end of the pipeline. There will be a filter at the initial end. The wind blows water vapor and large dust particles to the filter. The filter first isolates the large dust particles, and the small dust particles are blown to the end of the pipeline and absorbed by the electrostatic field generated by the metal electrode load at the end, thereby achieving the purpose of purifying the environment.
3.Plate-to-plate type This type of load is also a parallel load. Two parallel square or rectangular metal plates, one with high voltage and the other grounded. The distance between the two plates determines the voltage and current. However, these two parallel metal plates generally produce a stable electrostatic field. Only during short-circuit discharge can the change in voltage and current be observed. Dust is adsorbed when passing through the electrostatic field.
Name | Form | Electrode |
Metal cylinder type | Metal cylinder | Needle-pointed thorn-shaped |
Needle tip to parallel plate type | Parallel load | One side is a needle-pointed metal electrode; the other is a smooth metal plate |
Pole to plate type | Parallel load | One side carries high voltage; the other side is grounded |
Widely used in dust control in industries such as power, chemical, steel, cement, flour manufacturers, etc. |
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